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Collective Action and Psychological Change

Semester

Semester 2, 2024-2025

Type of course

Theory-oriented Workshops

Date

May 12 and May 13, 2025

Location

Utrecht University


Duration

2 days

Maximum number of participants

24

ECTS

1 EC will be appointed for participation in the complete course

Staff

Dr. Sara Vestergren (University of Limerick, Ireland) Dr. Ruthie Pliskin (LEI) Dr. Toon Kuppens (RUG)

Collective Action and Psychological Change: Understanding Crowds and Transformations Through Ethnographic Lenses (GP&IR workshop)

In this two-day interactive workshop, Sara Vestergren will present their collaborative work on the role of collective action in psychological change, and how these transformations can be studied through immersive ethnographic methods. The workshop draws on a unique series of empirical studies from a long-running environmental campaign in Sweden, where participants’ engagement in protest and resistance brought about lasting changes in their identities, beliefs, behaviours, and relationships to people gathered in relation to the passing of Queen Elizabeth II. Through this work, we will explore questions such as: (a) how does psychological change occur through participation in collective action? (b) which intra- and intergroup processes are crucial in sustaining these changes over time? (c) how can researchers access and make sense of these changes through ethnographic methods in real-world, dynamic settings?

Day 1: Psychological Transformation Through Crowds and Collective Action

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the ways that participation in collective action produces meaningful and lasting psychological change. Research has shown that involvement in protest movements can lead to shifts in identity, empowerment, behavioural change, and enduring lifestyle transformation. However, questions remain as to how exactly these changes occur, which processes sustain them over time, and what role group dynamics play in facilitating or hindering transformation. In this first day of the workshop, we will examine these issues by drawing on longitudinal qualitative data from an environmental campaign in Sweden.

In the morning, we will explore how intergroup conflict—particularly with the police—acted as a catalyst for group cohesion and identity formation among protesters. Simultaneously, we will consider the supportive role of intragroup relationships in reinforcing commitment, agency, and transformation. We will engage with models such as the elaborated social identity model (ESIM) and consider how participants in collective action settings come to see themselves, and act, differently—often long after the protest itself has ended. After an overview presentation, we will move into small group discussions where participants map different types of psychological changes identified in the research and reflect on similar processes in other activism contexts.

After lunch, participants have an opportunity to present their work. We will end the day with a reflective group discussion on what it means to ‘become’ an activist or agent of change through academia making impact and effecting change through research. 

Day 2: Ethnography and Crowd Psychology—Studying Change in the Wild

While quantitative methods dominate psychological research, understanding the lived experience of protest participants and crowd members often requires different tools. On Day 2, we turn to ethnography as a powerful but underused method in crowd psychology. We begin with a critical discussion of the need for descriptive, in-situ approaches to crowd behaviour—highlighting how traditional models often ask the wrong questions by assuming anonymity or irrationality in crowd participants. In contrast, ethnographic studies allow us to understand how meaning is created, negotiated, and experienced within mass events.

Drawing on examples of both embedded long-term ethnography and rapid response studies, we examine how researchers can document processes of psychological change as they unfold. Using case studies such as the Ojnare campaign and the mass mourning after Queen Elizabeth II’s death, we explore challenges related to gaining access, building trust, negotiating safety, and ‘taking sides’ in polarized or contested spaces. Special attention will be given to the advantages and risks of researcher alignment and the ethical dilemmas posed by researching high-conflict events.

In the second part of the day, participants will engage in practical work. They will be invited to reflect on how ethnographic methods could be used within their own research, considering both long-term and rapid deployment designs. Small groups will develop their own ethnographic research proposals around themes of protest, social change, or crowd dynamics. These will be presented in a plenary session, with feedback and discussion focused on methodological feasibility, ethical issues, and theoretical contribution. We close the workshop with a roundtable conversation on the role of immersive methods in social psychology and what it means to ‘study change in the wild’.

Literature

Reading the below literature is a compulsory aspect of taking part in the workshop

  • Finnerty, S., Piazza, J. & Levine, M. (2024). Between two worlds: the scientist’s dilemma in climate activism. npj Cliate. Action 3, 77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-024-00161-x
  • Reicher, S.D. (1984). The St. Pauls' riot: An explanation of the limits of crowd action in terms of a social identity model. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420140102
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., & Hammar Chiriac, E. (2019). How participation in collective action changes relationships, behaviours and beliefs: An interview study of the role of inter- and intragroup processes. Journal of Social and Political Psychology.
  • Vestergren, S., & Drury, J. (2020). Taking sides with Swedish protesters: Gaining and maintaining trust in the field. In Acar, Moss, & Uluğ (Eds.) Researching Peace, Conflict and Power in the Field (Springer).
  • Vestergren et al., Unpublished. Crowd Psychology and Rapid Response Ethnography in Mass Events.

Suggested reading (not compulsory)

  • Alnabulsi, H., Drury, J., Vignoles V., & Oogink S.  (2020). Understanding the impact of the Hajj: Explaining experiences of self-change at a religious mass gathering. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(2), 292–308. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2623
  • Drury, J., & Reicher, S. (2000). Collective action and psychological change: The emergence of new social identities. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39: 579-604. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466600164642
  • Jurstakova, K.,  Ntontis, E., & Reicher, S. (2024).  Impresarios of identity: How the leaders of Czechoslovakia's ‘Candlelight Demonstration’ enabled effective collective action in a context of repression. British Journal of Social Psychology, 63, 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12671
  • Khan, S., Hopkins, N., Reicher, S., Tewari, S., Srinivasan, N., & Stevenson, C. (2016). How Collective Participation Impacts Social Identity: A Longitudinal Study from India. Political Psychology37(3), 309–325. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44132819
  • Obradović, S., Martinez, N., Dhanda, N., Bode, S., Ntontis, E., Bowe, M., Reicher, S.D., Jurstakova, K., Kane, J. & Vestergren, S. (2025). Mourning and orienting to the future in a liminal occasion:(Re) defining British national identity after Queen Elizabeth II's death. British Journal of Social Psychology, 64(1), e12807. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12807
  • Uluğ, Ö. M., & Acar, Y. G. (2018). What happens after the protests? Understanding protest outcomes through multi-level social change. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000269
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., & Hammar Chiriac, E. (2017). The biographical consequences of protest and activism: a systematic review and a new typology. Social Movement Studies, 16(2), 203-221. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2016.1252665
  • Vestergren, S., Drury, J., & Hammar Chiriac, E. (2018). How collective action produces psychological change and how that change endures over time: A case study of an environmental campaign. British Journal of Social Psychology. 

Program

Day 1 

10.30 – 10.55  Coffee and tea 

10.55 – 11.00  Welcome and introduction 

11.00 – 12.00  Introduction: The psychology of transformation through crowds and collective action — what changes, how, and why? 

12.00 – 13.00  Breakout session—Mini Sandpit on Research Question Development

13:00 – 14.00  Lunch  

14.00 – 15.30  Presentations by the participants  

15.30 – 16.00  Coffee and Tea 

16.00 – 17.00  ‘Become’ an activist or agent of change through academia – using research for impact and change.  

17.00 – 18:30  Drinks - optional

18:30 - 20.00  Dinner - optional

Day 2  

09.00 – 09.30  Coffee and tea 

09.30 – 10.30  Introduction:  Ethnographic Methods in the Study of Collective Action and Crowds 

10.30 – 12.00  Presentations by the participants 

12.00 – 13.15  Lunch  

13.15 – 14.15  Breakout session—development of research proposals 

14.15 – 14.30  Coffee and tea 

14.30 – 16.00  Presentation and plenary discussion of research proposals + roundtable  

16:00– 17.00  Drinks - optional